Studying for some finance interviews. Could someone explain to me the purpose of a partial period in a DCF? Why do we want the period of time between the valuation date and the year end? Is that what it is? Thank you

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Sure, a DCF is giving you the intrinsic value of a company based on its future free cash flow. If the valuation date is 9/31 for example, then Q4 is within the realm of future cash flows that the acquiring party would then have ownership of. If you skip straight to year end you are missing cash flows that should impact valuation.

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To piggy back off of this, this is super important for more seasonal businesses and their valuations. Let’s say you are valuing party city - most of their sales come in Q3/Q4, is a big needle mover if you don’t appropriately discount those cash flows

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For mid year periods, it’s because we assume the cash flows come in throughout the period rather than just at year end. Hence, we discount them in the middle of the period.

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It's pretty much just because the more data the better. In most cases, the value shouldn't be significantly different from if you calculated as of year end with cashflows beginning next year, but that's technically not the valuation as of today and it's technically wrong.

When you say partial period are you referring to mid year convention? As someone said already midyear convention is to smooth out cash flows as you assume they occur throughout the year and not all in one lump sum at year end. Mid-year convention means you discount 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 yrs instead of 2, 3, 4 yrs.

If you’re talking about if I buy a company today then why am I not counting Nov and Dec 2020 cash flows then the answer is bc you’re excluding cash flows starting today

So if I buy a company and the valuation date is 7/23/20 but the Fiscal year end is 12/31/20 the partial period is taking into account the time between those two periods right? Is that the cash flows I am trying to get? Because wouldn’t we still take into account the full year of 2020? So what would be the need for the partial period then? Or on the DCF do you not show full year 2020? Just the partial period 2020 and then 2021, etc? Thanks everyone

There's no rule on number of periods to show.

In practice, company forecasts are usually for a number of fiscal years not for a rolling 5 year period. Therefore, in practice, it's common to use a stub period from the valuation date to year-end, and then all the available fiscal year forecasts.

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